Conditional Sentences/Conditional Clauses I,II ,III

Conditional Sentences or Conditional Clauses I,II ,III. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if / second clause) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if/second clause) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

1)Type I

It is very likely that the condition will be fulfilled

Form: If +Subject+ Simple Present , Subject+will + Simple present

Example : If I have money, I will travel to all over the world.

2) Type II

It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled

Form: If +Subject +Simple Past, Conditional  I   =(Would + Infinitive )

Example: If I had money, I would travel to all over the world.

3) Type III

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled. the condition depends  to the past .

Form : If + Subject +Past Perfect , Conditional II  =( Would +have +Past participle)

Example : If  I had had money , I would have traveled  to all over the world.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

VERBS FOLLOWED  JUST BY GERUNDS

admit/anticipate/appreciate/avoid/complete/

consider/delay/deny/discuss/dislike/enjoy/

finish/can’thelp/mention/mind/miss/postpone/

practice/quit/recall/recollect/recommend/

resent/resist/ risk/stop/suggest/understand/tolerate

Examples:

She   stopped going to class when she got sick .

He   recommended seeing the show.

I     enjoyed visiting Morocco.

VERBS FOLLOWED  JUST BY INFINITIVES

Afford/agree/appear/arrange/ask/beg/care/claim/

consent/decide/demand/deserve/expect/fail/

hesitate /hope/learn/manage/mean/need/offer/

plan/prepare/pretend/promise/refuse/seem/struggle/

swear/threaten/volunteer/wait/want/wish.

Examples:

She     wishes to come with me .

That cat    seems to be friendly.

I    promise not to be late .

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Advise/can’t bear/begin/continue/forget/hate/like/love/prefer/

regret/remember/can’t stand/start/try

EXAMPLES: I love playing soccer.

I love to play soccer.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY A (PRO)NOUN  + AN INFINITIVE

Advise/allow/ask/beg/cause/challenge/convince/dare

/encourage/expect/forbid/force/hire/

instruct/invite/need/order/permit/persuade/remind/

require/teach/tell/urge/want/warm.

Examples: They advise me to wait until tomorrow.

I expect you to be on time .

I want you to be happy.

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Past Perfect Tense

Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous…

Present Perfect Continuous

SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+SIMPLE FORM OF VERB WITH ING AT THE END

Example : ( VERB TO WAIT )

I have been waiting

you have been waiting

He/She/It  has been waiting

you have been waiting

they have been waiting

EXERCISE 1

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the “Answers” button to check your answers.

Shean :I think the our parents  (forget)…… us. We (wait) ………here for over one hour and nobody (show up) …….yet.

Jean : I think you’re right.They  probably think  we (take, already) ………the bus.

Shean : They should pick up us. we (have, not) ……….a car yet! We (sit) ………. here for over one hour.

Jean: That’s true, and they  (call, not)…….. us to know what is going on .

ANSWERS

EXERCISE 2

1- How long (be)…..in USA ?

I (study)……. here for more than five years.

2- I (love)……… to play soccer since I was a child.

3-Lately, I (think) ……. about changing my job because I (become) …….. dissatisfied  at my company.

4- I (see) ……this place for more than two years and during that time I have (see) ……..changes in it.

ANSWERS

Simple Past/Present Perfect Course

1-Simple past is used to talk about  events or situations which happened in the past and they are over .For example : last year,I went to Morocco.”Went” is simple past of the verb ” to go”

to ask a question we always use Did+Subject+root of verb

For Example : Did you go to Morocco last year ?

To give a negative answer we always use Subject+Did not (didn’t)+root of verb

For example: I did not go to Morocco last year.

2-Present Perfect (Subject(I,you,they)+have+past participle/Subject(he,she,it)+has+past participle) is used to talk about:

-events or situations which began in the past and they are still true or ongoing.For example : he has broken his arm.

-events or situations which have finished recently. For example I have passed my test.

-events or situations in the past of which the effects are still felt now. For example: I have cut my hair.

To ask question : Have + Subject +Past participle  of verb

where have you been ?

To give negative answer .Subject +have not (haven’t)+past participle of verb

Subject + has not (hasn’t)+past participle of verb

I haven’t seen you for two weeks.

Simple Past / Present Perfect

EXERCISE

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the “Answers” button to check your answers.

Since cars were first introduced , technology (change) ……..a great deal. The first cars (be)….. simple

machines . They (have, not) …… much power .So they (be, not) …… very powerful. Early cars were often

expensive and customers often (pay) …… thousands of dollars for buying cars.

Times (change) ……... Cars (become) …….. powerful machines with very practical design. Designers

(create) …….. new cars with a large selection of useful programs.  today’s cars (become)…….. faster,

more exciting interactive adventures.

ANSWERS

Infinitives and Gerunds

Exercise

Is the sentence correct ?  if it is not correct,correct it .

1. I plan looking for a job.

2. She agreed to follow the rules.

3. We hope becoming rich some day.

4. I need learning English.

5. they promised to pay their rent.

6. did you remember taking out the garbage?

7. I forgot to call my sister yesterday.

8. The man refused paying the ticket.

9. He expects learning Swahili in Africa.

10. The teacher asked us to write a paragraph.

11. I decided quitting my job.

12. you learn to read and write at school.

Answers

Infinitive After Verb

Verb+infinitive

Examples:

I need to find a new job.

I decided to quit my old job.

I prefer  to work outdoors.

I want to make an appointment.

We can use an infinitive after the following verbs:

agree    decide      like      promise

ask       expect      love     refuse

attempt   forget      need    remember

begin       hope       plan     start

continue    learn      prefer    try

NOTE: Want to is often pronounced “ Wanna “.the to infinitives is often pronounced ”ta” or ,after a ‘‘d” sound,’‘da”.

Example for asking a question : Do you like to work with computers ?

yes,I like to work with computers.

No,I don’t like to work with computers.

MisUnderstandings

One Korean woman who lives in the United States arrived at work one morning,her boss asked her ,”did you get a plate ?”  ” No ..” she answered,wondering what in the world he meant .She worked in an office .Why did the boss ask her about a plate ?All day she wondered about her boss’s strange question, but she was too embarrassed to ask him about it .At five o’clock ,when she was getting ready to go home,her boss said,” plaise be on time tomorrow .You were 15 minutes late this morning.”Sorry,”she said .”My car wouldn’t star ,and……”Suddenly she stopped talking and began to smile.Now she understood .Her boss hadn’t asked her,”Did you get a plate ?”,He had asked her ,” Did you get up late ?”.

Because so many English Words Sound similar .Every day people start  Speaking English asking” what did you say ” , ” can you say again plaise “.So similar Sounding Words can be especialy confusing for people who Speak English as Second Language.

Simple Paste / Paste Continuous

EXERCISE 1

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the “Answers” button to check your answers.

1. A: What (you,do).……. when the accident occurred?

B: I (try)……. to change a light bulb that had burnt out.
2. A: I (call) .….you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) …… there. Where were you?
B: I (work)..…… out at the fitness center.
3.When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily).…… and (try) ..….. to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt)….. for souvenirs. Some young boys (lead) ……. their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue)…….. over the price of a leather belt. I (walk)..…..over to a man who (sell)..……….. fruit and (buy)…. a banana.
4. The firemen (rescue) the old woman who (be)... trapped on the third floor of the burning building.
5. It’s strange that you (call).…….because I (think, just)……. about you.

ANSWERS

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